电子水平仪浅解 A Brief Explanation of Electronic Level Gauge

电子式水平仪，它用来测量高精度的工具机，如NC车床、铣床、切削加工机、三次元量床等床面，其灵敏度非常高。

下面就详细为您介绍电子水平仪的定义、原理及应用。

一、电子水平仪定义

具有一个基座测量面，以电容摆的平衡原理测量被侧面相对水平面微小倾角的测量器具。

其中，以指针式指示装置指示测量值的仪器称为指针式电子水平仪，以数显式指示装置指示测量值的仪器称为数显式电子水平仪。

1、扩展量程装置

仪器若已处于测量的极限位置，重新调整到零位，从而在该水平位置上，进行更大量程测量的一种装置。

2、调整装置

仪器被调整到零位（零位或相对零位）的装置。

二、电子水平仪原理

电子水平仪原理有电感式和电容式等两种。根据测量方向不同还可分为一维和二维电子水平仪。

电感式原理：当水平仪的基座因待测工件倾斜而倾斜时，其内部摆锤因移动所造成感应线圈的电压变化。

电容式水平仪其测量原理为一圆形摆锤自由悬挂在细在线，摆锤受地心重力所影响，且悬浮于无摩擦状况。

摆锤的两边均设有电极且间隙相同时电容量是相等，若水平仪受待测工件所影响而造成，两间隙不同距离改变即产生电容不同，形成角度的差异。

三、技术要求

1、仪器工作条件

仪器在15~25℃条件下工作。

2、外观

仪器的工作面不得有砂眼、气孔、碰伤、划伤、毛刺、锈迹及其他影响使用的缺陷；裸露的非工作面不得有气孔、砂眼、裂纹、锈蚀及其他明显的缺陷。

仪器的电镀层应均匀光洁。仪器的喷漆表面不得有明显的影响外观质量的脱漆、斑点、划伤及颜色不均匀等缺陷。

仪器所有刻线、数字以及标志应清晰。传感器与指示器（或显示器）的连线以及接插件应完整无损，工作可靠。

仪器塑料外壳及手柄表面色泽均匀，光滑美观，不得有气泡、裂痕等缺陷。

3、倾斜变化

当仪器传感器均匀倾斜时，指示器（或显示器）应能相应地平稳变化。

仪器调零位装置及扩展量程装置工作平稳可靠。

4、对零件的要求

磨制仪器的工作表面的表面粗糙度Ra值应不大于0.4μm。

刮制仪器工作面贴合点数在25mm×25mm范围内不得少于25点。

5、仪器工作面硬度不得低于180HB。

6、仪器在运输包装条件下应做高温试验、低温试验和连续冲击试验。

7、电子水平仪的应用

电子式水平仪，它用来测量高精度的工具机，如NC车床、铣床、切削加工机、三次元量床等床面，

其灵敏度非常高，若以测量时可左右偏移25刻度计算，测量工件只在一定的倾斜范围内均可测量。

Electronic level, which is used to measure high-precision machine tools such as NC lathes, milling machines, cutting machines, three-dimensional measuring beds, etc., has very high sensitivity. Below is a detailed introduction to the definition, principle, and application of electronic level. 1、 Definition of electronic level A measuring instrument with a base measuring surface that measures the slight inclination angle of the side surface relative to the horizontal plane using the balance principle of a capacitive pendulum. Among them, instruments that use pointer type indicator devices to indicate measurement values are called pointer electronic level instruments, and instruments that use digital display indicator devices to indicate measurement values are called digital display electronic level instruments. 1. Extended range device If the instrument is already at the measuring limit position, it is readjusted to zero position, so as to perform a larger range measurement at that horizontal position. 2. Adjustment device The device that adjusts the instrument to zero position (zero position or relative zero position). 2、 Principle of electronic level There are two principles of electronic level: inductive and capacitive. According to different measurement directions, it can also be divided into one-dimensional and two-dimensional electronic level gauges. Inductive principle: When the base of the level is tilted due to the inclination of the workpiece to be measured, the voltage change of the induction coil is caused by the movement of the internal pendulum. The measurement principle of a capacitive level is that a circular pendulum is freely suspended on a thin line, and the pendulum is affected by the gravity of the earth and suspended in a frictionless state. Both sides of the pendulum are equipped with electrodes and the capacitance is equal when the gap is the same. If the level is affected by the workpiece to be measured, the capacitance will be different when the distance between the two gaps changes, resulting in a difference in angle. 3、 Technical requirements 1. Instrument working conditions The instrument operates under conditions of 15~25 ℃. 2. Appearance The working surface of the instrument shall not have sand holes, pores, bumps, scratches, burrs, rust, or other defects that affect its use; The exposed non working surface shall not have pores, sand holes, cracks, rust, or other obvious defects. The electroplating layer of the instrument should be uniform and smooth. The painted surface of the instrument shall not have obvious defects such as paint peeling, spots, scratches, and uneven color that affect the appearance quality. All engraved lines, numbers, and markings on the instrument should be clear. The wiring and connectors between sensors and indicators (or displays) should be intact and reliable. The surface color of the plastic casing and handle of the instrument should be uniform, smooth and beautiful, without any defects such as bubbles or cracks. 3. Tilt variation When the instrument sensor is uniformly tilted, the indicator (or display) should be able to smoothly change accordingly. The zero adjustment device and range extension device of the instrument work smoothly and reliably. 4. Requirements for parts The surface roughness Ra value of the working surface of the grinding instrument should not exceed 0.4 μ m. The number of contact points on the working surface of the scraping instrument shall not be less than 25 within the range of 25mm × 25mm. 5. The hardness of the working surface of the instrument shall not be less than 180HB. 6. The instrument should undergo high temperature test, low temperature test, and continuous impact test under transportation packaging conditions. 7. Application of electronic level